川中丘陵区土壤颗粒分形特征     

林正雨邓良基  高雪松 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):120-125

分析了27个紫色土丘陵区土壤样品的机械组成，运用分形模型计算出土壤颗粒分形维数D（D=2．817—3．030），探讨了分形维数D与土壤粒度组成、土壤抗蚀性之间的关系，并分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒分形维数D与土壤有机质含量（O．M）、土壤容重（B.D）的相关关系。研究表明：土壤颗粒分形维数D能够很好的表征土壤质地，重点反映〈0．05mm的细颗粒物质，尤其是粘粒，其次是粉粒；与土壤有机质含量（O．M）、土壤容重（B．D）均达到极显著水平；其次分形维数D还能作为评价土壤水土流失和土壤生态恢复的指标。  相似文献   

大气CO2浓度升高对土壤中不同粒级碳的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马红亮朱建国  谢祖彬刘钢 曾青 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2006,1(1):33-40

不同粒级土壤中的碳有着不同的周转规律，在高CO2浓度条件下，它们含量的变化将在一定程度上反映土壤碳是累积还是减少，对明确土壤碳的变化趋势有重要意义．采用田间培养试验初步模拟研究在高CO2浓度条件下土壤不同粒级碳的分布．结果表明，加入秸秆培养1年，由于CO2浓度升高的原因导致在低氮（LN）、常规氮（NN）和高氮（HN）水平下土壤中碳分别增加0．01、1．10、1．22g／kg，表现为粒级〈53μm土壤颗粒中碳分别增加1．53、2．19、2．70g／kg．粒级〈53μmm土壤颗粒碳量的增加，主要是由于其重量分配百分数显著增加36．2％，碳浓度增加5．4％；粒级〉250μm和250～53μm土壤颗粒部分虽然其碳浓度分别增加20．8％和17．3％（P〈0．05），怛由于重量分配百分数分别显著降低22．8％和36．1％，结果碳量降低．试验表明高CO2浓度导致不同粒级土壤的分配及碳浓度的变化；高氮施肥水平下有增加土壤碳量特别是小粒级土壤碳量的趋势．  相似文献   

Palaeovariations in the East-Asian Monsoon Regime Geochemically Recorded in Varved Sediments of Lake Sihailongwan (Northeast China, Jilin Province). Part 2: a 200-Year Record of Atmospheric Lead-210 Flux Variations and its Palaeoclimatic Implications     

Georg Schettler  Jens Mingram  Jörg F. W. Negendank  Liu Jiaqi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(2):271-288

Palaeovariations of the atmospheric ²¹⁰Pb flux in Northeast China (Long Gang area, Jilin province), quantified by high resolution ²¹⁰Pb measurements on seasonally laminated sediments of Lake Sihailongwan are presented on decadal scale. The mean flux of unsupported ²¹⁰Pb between 1790 and 1970 for the centre of the lake basin is 517 Bq m⁻² yr⁻¹ with maximum deviations between −23% and +27% of this value. Flux rates above this average were found between 1783 and 1813, around 1836, and between 1860 and 1901. The mean ²¹⁰Pb^exc flux rates derived were clearly lower around 1821, 1908, 1930, and 1953. The ²¹⁰Pb^exc flux reached its minimum of 344 Bq m⁻² yr⁻¹ during the period 1977–1982. The atmospheric flux of unsupported ²¹⁰Pb is correlated with the precipitation frequency during the summer monsoon and shows coinciding variability with geochemical proxies that document the groundwater inflow into the lake. Al₂O₃-rich dust of remote provenance scavenged by wet-deposition in the rainy season is the major carrier of the atmospheric ²¹⁰Pb^exc flux.  相似文献   

Palaeovariations in the East-Asian Monsoon Regime Geochemically Recorded in Varved Sediments of Lake Sihailongwan (Northeast China, Jilin Province). Part 1: Hydrological Conditions and Dust Flux   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Georg Schettler  Qiang Liu  Jens Mingram  Jörg F. W. Negendank 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(2):239-270

The varved sediments of the dimictic Lake Sihailongwan (Long Gang mountain area, Jilin Province, Northeast China) represent a palaeoclimatic archive which documents the local precipitation frequency during the summer monsoon, and variations in the aeolian flux of dust with their remote sources in the arid and semi-arid regions of inner Asia. Based on a detailed discussion of sediment genesis in Lake SHL, dust flux rates and palaeohydrological conditions were reconstructed on a decadal scale over the past 220 years. The aeolian influx by dry and wet deposition was quantified and characterised in its chemical composition. Photosynthetic production in the lake is positively correlated with the inflow of nutrient-rich groundwater. The groundwater discharge largely reflects the strength of the summer monsoon. Net accumulation rates for biogenic silica were determined for annually laminated sediments from the centre of the U-shaped lake basin based on sediment data. In a Si-balance model of the modern lake, the depositional flux of biogenic silica could be independently quantified on the base of hydrochemical monitoring data. Comparison of the both estimates allowed to asses the focussing of the particle flux in the lake. Though water retention in Lake SHL is rather high (ca. 30 years), changes in the hydrological conditions are sensitively recorded in the sediments because (i) nutrient-rich groundwater discharges into the productive zone of the lake, (ii) a substantial proportion of the total dissolved Si-inventory of the mixed lake (ca. 30%) is annually consumed by diatom growth, and (3) sediment accumulation is substantially focussed towards the flat bottom of the lake basin. The bulk siliciclastic sediment fraction (ca. 75 wt.%) largely originates from influx of dust of remote provenance. In sediment thin-sections, the dry-deposited dust fraction is microscopically identifiable as seasonal silt layer. Aeolian input by wet-deposition shows a distinctly higher variability than the influx of dust by dry-deposition. As diatom production, wet-deposition of dust is positively correlated with the rainfall during the summer monsoon. The inferred positive correlation between rainfall and dust flux during the summer monsoon implies that dust deposition is determined by the out-wash efficiency of mineral particles for a permanent high atmospheric dust concentration over Northeast China in the last 220 years.  相似文献   

胞外聚合物对膜生物反应器运行性能的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

张凤君  王顺义  邓锡斌  赵芝清  沙娜  王鹤 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,(Z1)

膜生物反应器处理污水过程中,依据胞外聚合物(EPS)、蛋白质、多糖、粘度等参数随时间的变化趋势以及对膜通量的影响,求出上述参数及蛋白质/多糖的比值与膜通量间的相关系数分别为0.28、0.57、0.38、0.14、0.70。结果表明:蛋白质/多糖的比值与膜通量的衰减速度两者相关系数最大。  相似文献   

Application of membrane technology for water treatment： Ultrasound-associated cleaning of fouled microfiltration membranes     

Rui CHEN Xiaoli WANG Yonggang ZHANG Xueqi FU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):128-129

The use of membranes is a widely employed, versatile, and effective separation process. One of the limiting aspects in applying microfiltration （MF） for wastewater treatment is that of problems with membrane fouling and consequent flux reduction. Membrane fouling occurs by the irreversible deposition of retained particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, etc. at the membrane surface and/or inside the membrane. The predominant fouling mechanisms observed with MF membranes are classified as three categories： the build-up of a cake layer on the membrane surface, blocking of membrane pores, and adsorption of fouling material on the membrane surface or in the pore walls. Although many techniques have been developed to overcome fouling, studies on membrane cleaning still seem to be insufficient for practical membrane filtration systems. Current membrane cleaning technologies include hydraulic, chemical, and mechanical methods. Ultrasound （US） has been widely used as a method of cleaning materials because of the cavitation phenomenon. In this study, US cleaning technique was applied to removing the fouling of polyvinglidenefluoride （PVDF） MF membrane, which was used to treat yeast cell and isolated soybean protein （ISP） solution, respectively. The US employed 40 kHz frequency and the output power of 1.43-2.85 W/cm^2. The evolution of the cleaning effect is followed by the measurements of the flux recovery rate （FRstat） and the cleaning time cycle. Results showed that the membrane property, which was fouled by yeast cell solution, could be recovered by water cleaning with US irradiation. And the cleaning time with the same FRstat decreased with the increase of US intensity.  相似文献   

应用PIV系统研究横流中近壁水平圆柱绕流旋涡特性   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

吴剑  齐鄂荣  李炜  黄明海  李国亚 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):628-633

应用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对横流中近壁水平圆柱绕流进行了试验研究。介绍了试验原理及装置,讨论了试验参数的选取和粒子的跟随性问题。分析了上游来流的流动特性,显示了亚临界雷诺数下间隙比为0.5时圆柱后尾流区旋涡产生、发展和消亡的动态过程,比较了时均流场和瞬时流场旋涡结构。对圆柱尾迹的旋涡脱落特性进行了分析,得出在试验条件下斯特劳哈尔数保持为常数0.2的结论。  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区水和热通量的时空变化特征及影响因子   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

刘晶淼  周秀骥  余锦华  丁裕国 《气象学报》2002,60(2):139-145

文中利用改进的K B模式和牛顿扩散方法及 196 1年以来的长江三角洲 (2 8～ 33°N ,118～ 12 3°E)地区的 4 8个测站的常规气象资料 ,估计了该地区近 4 0a来的蒸散量和感热通量。结合该地区的气温、太阳辐射等气候资料和 196 0年以来该区域土地资源利用变化等有关信息对该地区的潜热通量和感热通量的时 空间变化特征及其可能成因进行了综合分析。结果认为该地区自 2 0世纪 70年代开始平均蒸散量有逐渐减小的趋势 ,与 1980年相比 ,1998年区域年平均蒸散量减小了 2 4mm。区域平均感热通量与蒸散量相比在此期间变化并不明显。通过对该地区的云量、太阳辐射及土地利用变化资料分析认为 ,造成该地区平均蒸散量减少趋势的的原因之一是用于蒸发的能量即太阳辐射的减少 ,而造成太阳辐射减少的可能原因为云量及大气透明度的变化所至 ;原因之二是该地区地表覆盖条件的改变。近 2 0a来 ,该地区的水田、旱地及水域面积占总面积的比率分别减少 1.35 3% ,4 .4 4 2 %和2 .5 97% ,而城镇建设、工矿及其它建设用地面积则增加 3.345 %。耕地及水面的减小和城镇及建设用地面积的增加从整体上使区域平均蒸发量减少。  相似文献   

青藏高原近地层通量特征的合成分析   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

李国平  段廷扬  巩远发  卢会国 《气象学报》2002,60(4):453-460

利用中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划 ,设置在青藏高原东部地区的拉萨、日喀则、那曲和林芝 4地 1993年 7月～ 1999年 3月近 7a的自动气象站 (AWS)近地层梯度观测资料 ,确定出分季节的高原地表粗糙度和逐日的地面总体输送系数 ,以此为基础用总体输送公式对地面动量、感热和潜热通量进行了计算 ,并用合成方法分析了 1993～1999年高原近地层通量夏季、冬季的日变化和月变化特征  相似文献   

乾安地区盐碱地显热通量的测量   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

支克广  涂钢  廉毅  隋朝阳  付光极  王江 《气象学报》2002,60(6):780-785

文中给出了用大孔径闪烁仪在 2 0 0 0年生长季观测到的盐碱地区显热通量的主要结果 ,并初步计算了当地的水热平衡状况。结果表明 :乾安盐碱地区显热通量占净辐射量的百分比在干旱、非生长季达到 6 5 % ,在多雨、植被生长季仅为 11% ;显热通量因降水而明显降低 ,幅度与降水强度有关 ,反映了当地的气候和土壤特征。文中还把LAS的测量结果与传统的梯度法作了比较 ,结果基本一致。  相似文献